Improving the vegetation dynamic simulation in a land surface model by using a statistical-dynamic canopy interception scheme     

梁妙玲  谢正辉 《大气科学进展》2008,25(4):610-618

Canopy interception of incident precipitation, as a critical component of a forest＇s water budget, can affect the amount of water available to the soil, and ultimately vegetation distribution and function. In this paper, a statistical-dynamic approach based on leaf area index and statistical canopy interception is used to parameterize the canopy interception process. The statistical-dynamic canopy interception scheme is implemented into the Community Land Model with dynamic global vegetation model （CLM-DGVM） to improve its dynamic vegetation simulation. The simulation for continental China by the land surface model with the new canopy interception scheme shows that the new one reasonably represents the precipitation intercepted by the canopy. Moreover, the new scheme enhances the water availability in the root zone for vegetation growth, especially in the densely vegetated and semi-arid areas, and improves the model＇s performance of potential vegetation simulation.  相似文献   

Projected potential vegetation change in China under the SRES A2 and B2 scenarios   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

姜大膀 《大气科学进展》2008,25(1):126-138

The ability of seven global coupled ocean-atmosphere models to reproduce East Asian monthly surface temperature and precipitation climatologies during 1961 1990 is evaluated. January and July climate differences during the 2050s and 2090s relative to 1961-1990 projected by the seven-model ensemble under the Special Report on Emission Scenarios （SRES） A2 and B2 scenarios are then briefly discussed. These projections, together with the corresponding atmospheric CO2 concentrations under the SRES A2 and B2 scenarios, are subsequently used to drive the biome model BIOME3 to simulate potential vegetation distribution in China during the 2050s and 2090s. It is revealed that potential vegetation belts during the 2050s shift northward greatly in central and eastern China compared to those during 1961-1990. In contrast, potential vegetation change is slight in western China on the whole. The spatial pattern of potential vegetation during the 2090s is generally similar to that during the 2050s, but the range of potential vegetation change against 1961 1990 is more extensive during the 2090s than the 2050s, particularly in western China. Additionally, there exists model-dependent uncertainty of potential vegetation change under the SRES A2 scenario during the 2090s, which is due to the scatter of projected climate change by the models. The projected change in potential vegetation under the SRES A2 scenario during the 2090s is attributable to surface temperature change south of 35°N and to the joint changes of surface temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration north of 35°N.  相似文献   

MM5 Simulations of the China Regional Climate During the LGM.Ⅱ: Influence of Change of Land Area, Vegetation, and Large-scale Circulation Background          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Yu  HE Jinhai  LI Weiliang  CHEN Longxun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2008,22(1)

Using a regional climate model MM5 nested to an atmospheric global climate model CCM3, a series of simulations and sensitivity experiments have been performed to investigate the relative LGM climate response to changes of land-sea distribution, vegetation, and large-scale circulation background over China.Model results show that compared with the present climate, the fluctuations of sea-land distribution in eastern Asia during the LGM result in the temperature decrease in winter and increase in summer. It has significant impact on the temperature and precipitation in the east coastal region of China. The impact on precipitation in the east coastal region of China is the most significant one, with 25%-50% decrease in the total precipitation change during the LGM. On the other hand, the changes in sea-land distribution have less influence on the climate of inland and western part of China. During the LGM, significant changes in vegetation result in temperature alternating with winter increase and summer decrease, but differences in the annual mean temperature are minor. During the LGM, the global climate, i.e., the large-scale circulation background has changed significantly. These changes have significant influences on temperature and precipitation over China. They result in considerable temperature decreases in this area, and direct the primary patterns and characteristics of temperature changes. Results display that, northeastern China has the greatest temperature decrease, and the temperature decrease in the Tibetan Plateau is larger than in the eastern part of China located at the same latitude. Moreover, the change of large-scale circulation background also controls the pattern of precipitation change. Results also show that, most of the changes in precipitation over western and northeastern parts of China are the consequences of changing large-scale circulation background, of which 50%-75% of precipitation changes over northern and eastern China are the results of changes in large-scale circulation background. Over China, the LGM climate responses to different mechanisms in order of strength from strong to weak are, the large-scale circulation pattern, sea-land distribution, vegetation, CO2 concentration, and earth orbital parameters.  相似文献   

基于MODIS的广东省植被指数序列构建与应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何全军  曹静  张月维 《气象》2008,34(3):37-41

植被指数是衡量植被长势的重要指标,植被指数序列有助于准确地认知植被覆盖、土地利用和土壤水分的时空变化规律,以及进行干旱和植被生长监测.利用2004-2006年的MODIS数据,选择RVI、NDVI和EVI三种植被指数,采用最大值合成法进行广东省植被指数序列构建.按照不同植被覆盖对三种植被指数的年际变化规律进行分析,并通过NDVI进行植被覆盖度计算以及植被覆盖等级分类来分析植被的空间分布.结果表明,建立的植被指数序列能真实地反映植被生长规律,植被覆盖度和广东地区的植被实际分布状况一致.说明建立植被指数序列是动态监测广东省植被长势的及植被环境的变化的有效方法.  相似文献   

陆面网格尺度变换时植被类型处理方法的探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张正秋  孙菽芬 《应用气象学报》2008,19(2):129-136

针对陆面模式与大气模式耦合, 对比分析了模式网格点上多种植被并存和单一植被两种情况下的计算结果, 同时给出了网格元上地表有效温度、地表有效感热和潜热通量等的计算方案。试验使用SSiB陆面模式并以HAPEX-MOBILHY资料作为气象强迫场。试验结果表明:如果将网格元上多种植被类型归类成同一种植被类型, 模式对有效地表温度、感热和潜热通量等的计算结果与考虑多种植被类型的结果有很大差异。根据实际情况, HAPEX-MOBILHY试验区40%为森林, 60%为混合农业区, 如果根据一般的植被类型归类法, 将该试验区全部看作草地, 其积分结果与将该试验区看作40%为落叶针叶林和60%为草地的积分结果也存在一定的差别; 虽然有些植被类型在网格元上所占的覆盖面积较小, 但它却对网格元上地表通量的计算有较大的贡献。该研究对今后陆面模式耦合工作有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

生长季植被覆盖变化对局地气象要素的可能影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛睿  龚道溢  房巧敏 《气候与环境研究》2008,13(6):738-750

植被覆盖变化对地表气象要素存在反馈作用,但在不同时空尺度上反馈关系及其表现强度存在差异。作者利用地面观测资料和归一化植被指数（NDVI）分析了15天尺度上植被覆盖变化对气象要素的影响。结果表明,我国北方农牧交错带生长季植被覆盖变化可能对同期、后期地表气象要素存在一定影响。当植被指数偏高时,地表平均温度、最高温度、最低温度和小雨频次偏低,而平均相对湿度和最小相对湿度偏高,影响持续约为1～2周。地表温度和小雨频次的变化与地表热通量的变化有关,当植被指数偏高时,地表潜热所占比例偏高,而地表感热所占比例偏低,导致地表温度偏低;地表感热偏低伴随偏弱的上升运动,不利于降水,故小雨频次偏低。地表温度偏低引起饱和比湿偏低,加之植被蒸腾量较大引起比湿偏高,故相对湿度偏高。此外,从长期变化来看NDVI与地表温度和小雨频次的相关不明显,故地表温度和小雨频次的长期变化可能更多是受大尺度气候变化的影响。  相似文献   

Modeling Gross Primary Production by Integrating Satellite Data and Coordinated Flux Measurements in Arid and Semi-Arid China          下载免费PDF全文

WANG He-Song  JIA Gen-Suo  FENG Jin-Ming  ZHAO Tian-Bao  MA Zhu-Guo 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(1):7-13

Assessing large-scale patterns of gross primary production (GPP) in arid and semi-arid (ASA) areas is important for both scientific and practical purposes. Remote sensing-based models, which integrate satellite data with input from ground-based meteorological measurements and vegetation characteristics, improve spatially extended estimates of vegetation productivity with high accuracy. In this study, the authors simulated GPP in ASA areas by integrating moderate resolution imaging spectral radiometer (MODIS) data with eddy covariance and meteorological measurements at the flux tower sites using the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), which is a remote sensing-based model for analyzing the spatial pattern of GPP in different land cover types. The field data were collected by coordinating observations at nine stations in 2008. The results indicate that in the region during the growing season GPP was highest in cropland sites, second highest in woodland sites, and lowest in grassland sites. VPM captured the temporal and spatial characteristics of GPP for different land covers in ASA areas. Further, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) had a strong liner relationship with GPP in densely vegetated areas, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) had a strong liner relationship with GPP over less dense vegetation. This study demonstrates the potential of satellite-driven models for scaling-up GPP, which is a key component for studying the carbon cycle at regional and global scales.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the Carbon Storage of Potential Vegetation to Historical Climate Variability and CO_2 in Continental China     

毛嘉富  王斌  戴永久 《大气科学进展》2009,(1)

The interest in the national levels of the terrestrial carbon sink and its spatial and temporal variabil-ity with the climate and CO2 concentrations has been increasing.How the climate and the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the last century affect the carbon storage in continental China was in-vestigated in this study by using the Modified Sheffeld Dynamic Global Vegetation Model(M-SDGVM).The estimates of the M-SDGVM indicated that during the past 100 years a combination of increasing CO2 with...  相似文献   

Improving the treatment of the vertical snow burial fraction over short vegetation in the NCAR CLM3     

王爱慧 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5):877-886

One deficiency of the NCAR Community Land Model (CLM3) is the disappearance of the simulated snow even in the middle of winter over a boreal grassland site due to unrealistically modeled high downward turbulent fluxes. This is caused by the inappropriate treatment of the vertical snow burial fraction for short vegetation. A new snow burial fraction formulation for short vegetation is then proposed and validated using in situ observations. This modification in the CLM3 largely removes the unrealistic surface turbulent fluxes, leading to a more reasonable snowmelt process, and improves the snow water equivalent (SWE) simulation. Moreover, global offline simulations show that the proposed formulation decreases sensible and latent heat fluxes as well as the ground temperature during the snowmelt season over short vegetation dominant regions. Correspondingly, the SWE is enhanced, leading to the increase in snowmelt-induced runoff during the same period. Furthermore, sensitivity tests indicate that these improvements are insensitive to the exact functional form or parameter values in the proposed formulation.  相似文献   

基于MODIS资料的宁夏LST反演方法新探索   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张学艺  张晓煜  卫建国  李剑萍  韩颖娟 《气象》2009,35(5):61-65

为快速、宏观、全面地获取陆面生态重要参数陆面温度(LST),避免分裂窗算法中诸多参数的估计和参数的适用范围限制,加快计算速度,更好地利用中国气象局"三站四网"的建设成果,利用宁夏2005-2007年13个时次过境晴空地表MODIS资料及对应过境时17个自动气象站观测数据,筛选、优化引入对LST影响较大的水汽通道、NDVI和EVI参数,建立基于MODIS遥感和地面自动气象站观测数据反演陆面温度(LST)的统计模式.研究结果表明:引入相关参数后,宁夏各季及全年模式的相关性和精度有较大提高,且水汽通道和EVI的参数组合最优.与分裂窗算法相比,省去了对大气透过率的估算以及对地表比辐射率估计的繁琐计算,与地面自动站观测真实值误差70.1%能够控制在4.0℃以内,计算速度快,能够满足一般业务的需求,易于推广使用.  相似文献